Which statement correctly describes the relative effects of fog and heavy environmental conditions on radar and ARPA?

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In radar and ARPA operation, weather impacts are felt mainly through signal attenuation, clutter, and tracking stability. Fog is largely translucent to the microwave frequencies used by marine radars, so it has minimal effect on radar range and echo strength. Heavy weather changes the picture: rain, snow, thunderstorms, and rough seas can soak up or scatter the radar energy, shortening detectable range; precipitation and wind-driven waves add clutter and strong backscatter, which can mask real targets and even produce false echoes. With ARPA, the tracker depends on consistent, strong target returns; when echoes weaken or are cluttered, the system can lose targets or mis-track them. This combination of reduced range, weaker echoes, increased clutter, false returns, and potential loss of targets is exactly what heavy weather can cause, making the described effects the correct understanding.